Sunday, November 3, 2013
Have scientists worked out why hot water freezes faster than cold water?
It is a phenomenon that has baffled the world’s brightest minds since the time of Aristotle.
Now a team of physicists believe they may have solved the centuries old mystery of why hot water freezes faster than cold water.
Known as the Mpemba effect, water behaves unlike most other liquids by freezing into a solid more rapidly from a heated state than from room temperature.
Scientists have suggested dozens of theories for why this may occur, but none have been able to satisfactorily explain this strange physical property.
A team of physicists at the Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have now published what they believe may be the solution.
They claim that the explanation lies in the unusual interaction between the molecules of water.
Each water molecule is bound to its neighbour through a highly charged electromagnetic bond known as a “hydrogen bond”.
It is this that produces surface tension in water and also gives it a higher than expected boiling point compared to other liquids.
However, Dr Sun Changqing and Dr Xi Zhang from Nanyang Technological University, argue this also determines the way water molecules store and release energy.
They argue that the rate at which energy is released varies with the initial state of the water and so calculate that hot water is able to release energy faster when it is placed into a freezer.
Dr Changqing said: “The processes and the rate of energy release from water vary intrinsically with the initial energy state of the sources.”
The Mpemba effect is named after a Tanzanian student called Erasto Mpemba, who observed that hot ice cream mix froze before the cold mix.
Together with a physics professor at University College at Dar es Salaam, he published a paper in 1969 that showed equal volumes of boiling water and cold in similar containers would freeze at different times, with the hot water freezing first.
Similar observations have been described in the past, however, by Aristotle, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes.
The effect can also have some real world implications, such as whether to use boiling water to defrost the windscreen of your car on a winters day and whether hot water pipes are more prone to freezing than cold ones.
Some people deny that the effect exists at all and is in fact an artefact of experimental procedure, but others claim to have shown it using carefully controlled experiments.
Read Full Article Source here
Author: By Richard Gray, Science Correspondent
The biggest obstacle to Chris Christie's nomination for the 2016 GOP presidential nomination may come from the classroom.
Well, I was in a crowd of all Christie supporters with my sign. They were all eyeing me apprehensively. A few tried to stare me down. Some of them even blocked me from the crowd. When his bus arrived one of his henchmen went on the bus to speak to him. I was right at the door. It was like he was told to deliberately turn away from me when he got off of the bus.
I went to listen to him speak. I stood in the front of the crowd that was standing towards the back. I know he caught sight of me. He stared at me a few times during his speech. I left right as his speech was over to position myself right at the door of the bus. He came out, shaking everyone's hands as he was getting on the bus.
I asked him my question, expecting him to ignore me but he suddenly turned and went off. I asked him: "Why do you portray our schools as failure factories?" His reply: "Because they are!" He said: "I am tired of you people. What do you want?"
I told him I want money for my students. He fought back with the amount that he has spent on education. My response was along the lines of the fact his amount was not actually an increase from the previous years, given the rate of inflation and other factors.
The crowd started arguing with me. He screamed at me to just do my job. The crowd cheered for him. I just looked at them and told them: "Hey, this is my life. I had to do this." I tried to follow him to Atlantic City to continue the conversation but the roads were blocked by police when I got there.
"I am tired of you people. What do you want?"
How about a Governor and presidential candidate who respects education and supports the teachers who provide it?
As we know Christie has kind of made yelling at teachers "his thing." However I have to imagine that the majority of voters do NOT see them as the whiny, over privileged parasites that he does.
Source
NatGeo Shocker: Prof Dershowitz NBC Fail; Ann Coulter Talks Birther Shut Down
Ann Coulter Brags Conservative Media Shut Down Birther Issue... Professor Dershowitz Fails Big Time...
Ann Coulter appeared on CNN's Piers Morgan Live and was asked about Papa Cruz's Obama Kenya comment...
VIDEO HERE:
( Video via Truth Revolt. )
Ann Coulter: You know who brought up the Birther thing? Oh another reason I think he wasn’t picking Hillary. It was Hillary Clinton who first brought up, “Was he born in Kenya?” Who shot it down? My newspaper, Human Events, American Spectator. It was never talked about on Fox News. I discuss this in my three books back, Demonic. You heard about it every night on MSNBC, there may have been a few nuts out there. The conservative media shut it down. And point three, JFK's father was a Nazi sympathizer. Nobody cares about what somebody's father thinks. -
Obama was the first Birther:
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| - Details - |
Fox News Panel Talk Natural Born Citizen. Or, according to "professor" Dershowitz, "natural citizen"...
Professor Dershowitz is clearly clueless about constitutional eligibility. Aside from mispronouncing the term NBC he drops this whopper: "...We have had several American presidents that were born outside of the United States..."
This man teaches at Harvard! He then starts speaking some gibberish. Ann Coulter sucked it up and regurgitated her birther talking points ignoring the simple facts that most THIRD GRADERS are taught.
Another Harvard alumni and professor Herb Titus disagrees with Dershowitz. Watch his short presentation here.
Professor Dershowitz is clearly clueless about constitutional eligibility. Aside from mispronouncing the term NBC he drops this whopper: "...We have had several American presidents that were born outside of the United States..."
This man teaches at Harvard! He then starts speaking some gibberish. Ann Coulter sucked it up and regurgitated her birther talking points ignoring the simple facts that most THIRD GRADERS are taught.
VIDEO HERE:
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EDUCATION WEBSITE:
Grades 3-5
Grades 3-5
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| >>> The U.S. Constitution requires that the President be born in the United States. <<< |
Another Harvard alumni and professor Herb Titus disagrees with Dershowitz. Watch his short presentation here.
Source
Well sex workers like Obamacare. So there!
A burlesque dancer dressed as a nurse taunts her co-performer with a toy syringe, dangling the medicine seductively in an act that's meant to reflect the cat-and-mouse game of U.S. healthcare. They shimmy and eventually end up topless.
The risqué performance was part of an Obamacare registration drive last week in San Francisco, dubbed the "Healthy Ho's Party."
Organized by "Siouxsie Q," a Bay Area sex worker, the event was meant to encourage other sex workers to enroll in the new insurance exchanges. It was a rousing success: Nearly 40 men and women attended and almost all of them filed enrollment paperwork.
In the all-cash, off-the-books sex industry, workers can be particularly high risk and insurance is often out of reach. Many sex workers -- a broad term that can refer to a number of services, including sexual massage, prostitution, and escort and dominatrix work -- consider themselves self-employed entrepreneurs who can't afford to purchase healthcare. But that could all change with the Affordable Care Act.
Siouxsie, 28, has shopped for plans countless times since 2008, coming up empty each time. She and her partner recently reviewed their healthcare options and found that a joint plan would have cost between $400 and $500 a month -- an unaffordably large chunk of their incomes.
"We just couldn't swing [insurance] in the Bay Area -- we're lower middle class, recent college graduates, in Startup Land trying to make our way," she said.
But come January 1, when the new law goes into effect, she and her partner will be looking at a monthly bill of between $175 and $200. They're deciding between two plans on the California exchange and will receive a tax credit of about $275 a month (without the credit it would have cost nearly $500).
Okay I think I might just have come up with a marketing plan that would get people to sign up for the Affordable Care Act in droves.
We should just have YouPorn or RedTube run the site, and while people are signing up they can be talked through the process by a hot young porn star facilitator volunteering their time in exchange for access to free health care of their own. Sounds like a win win to me.
It might not be legal in every state but it will probably be just that much more popular in the Bible Belt where largest population of Americans watch porn.
And let's face it who knows more about how to set up and run an efficient website than porn companies? Almost all of the recent online technological breakthroughs have been the result of people looking for naked pictures on the internet.
Sure it may piss off the Religious Right, but then again when are they NOT pissed off?
Just an idea.
Source
PandE Exclusive: Cody Judy Responds To “Hoax” Claim On Impeachment Hearing
Exclusive: Cody Robert Judy Responds
to “Hoax” Claim on Impeachment Hearing
“NO EVIDENCE?”
By Sharon Rondeau | The Post & Email
(Nov. 1, 2013) — On October 31, The Post & Email published an article in which we cited presidential candidate Cody Robert Judy‘s report that a hearing on the possible impeachment and constitutional eligibility of Barack Hussein Obama will be held by the House Judiciary Committee sometime in January.
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| Cody Robert Judy reports that a hearing will take place in the House Judiciary Committee in January regarding Obama’s eligibility which may also involve discussion of impeachment |
On Friday, several readers informed The Post & Email that Atty. Orly Taitz stated that Mr. Judy’s report is “a hoax.” When we asked Judy for comment regarding the allegation, he responded:
Hi Sharon,
RE: Question on : http://www.orlytaitzesq.com/?p=438923
I would have to simply state that “most of the time” statistically speaking there is no “evidence” of hearings in Congress until they are put on the schedule and often the schedule of Congress can fluctuate according to the public necessity and demand. That said, I don’t think what Orly said is out of line and or extraordinary.
I don’t believe it effects anything I’ve said. Orly certainly had not contacted me personally, or been involved with anything I’m doing with regards to my testimony as a Presidential Candidate. The sensitive nature of the “debt ceiling” argument in Congress and the fact Sen. Ted Cruz and Sen. Mike Lee are shifting the balances of power, even within the Republican Party and shaking things up, probably wasn’t expected by Congress or the public either. I’m sure you do recall I ran against Sen. Mike Lee as an Independent in the 2010 Senate Election and I’m pretty proud of him for doing what he has done so far as it has taken a lot of courage.
Cody Robert Judy
www.codyjudy.us
Source link. © 2013, The Post & Email. All rights reserved.
PandE Exclusive: Cody Judy Responds To “Hoax” Claim On Impeachment Hearing
Source
Racism linked to gun ownership.
A new study finds higher levels of racism in white Americans is associated with having a gun in the home and greater opposition to gun control policies.
After accounting for numerous other factors such as income, education, and political ideology, the researchers found that for each one point increase (on a scale from one to five) in symbolic racism there was a 50 percent increase in the odds of having a gun in the home and a 28 percent increase in support for policies allowing people to carry concealed guns.
Each one point increase in symbolic racism (a modern measure of anti-black racism) was also associated with a 27 percent increase in the odds of opposing bans on hand guns in the home. After accounting for those who already had a gun in the home, the odds were reduced to a non-significant 17 percent increase. However, the authors note that this reduction is unsurprising as opposition to bans on guns equates to self interest on behalf of those who already own a gun and do not wish to give it up.
And racism was already strongly associated with having a gun in the home.
Cannot say I am surprised by this one.
Considering this is it any wonder that gun sales spiked as soon as an African American moved into the White House?
Source
The Scientifically Best Time to Drink Your Coffee
Many coffee drinkers roll out of bed and get their daily dose of java as soon as possible. Because of the way coffee affects our bodies, though, there may be more ideal times to drink it.
Neuroscience PhD student Steven Miller explains that in the mornings (between the hours of 8 am and 9 am) our cortisol levels are at their highest. Cortisol isn't just the "stress hormone"—it's also correlated with our alertness levels.
So if we drink coffee at the same time our alertness is already at its peak, we're wasting the potential alertness boost we get from the caffeine:
One of the key principles of pharmacology is use a drug when it is needed (although I’m sure some scientists might argue that caffeine is always needed). Otherwise, we can develop tolerance to a drug administered at the same dose. In other words, the same cup of morning coffee will become less effective
The most effective time to have a cup of joe, Miller says, is between 9:30 am and 11:30 am. (Between noon and 1 pm and between 5:30 pm and 6:30 pm are other times cortisol levels rise, so you might want to avoid drinking coffee during those hours.)
If you're going to drink more than one cup of coffee, though, a cup or less every hourwill also give you the best bang for your caffeinated buck.
Author: MELANIE PINOLA
